Evaluation of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Cells Having Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-Based Electron Injection Layers Annealed at Different Temperatures

We fabricated electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) cells having titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as an electron injection layer (EIL). The EIL paste, which was spin-coated on a cathode substrate, annealed at three different temperatures of 250°C, 350°C, and 450°C. A tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) solution used emitter. ECL performances were significantly increased with the increase in annealing temperature. 450°C-annealed cell showed maximum luminance 91.9 cd/m2. By evaluating crystalline structures surface chemical composition EIL, improved performance found to be attributed removal undesired organic components from surface.